isRealli - The New Blog of the State of Israel » Science & Tech

From Ben-Gurion’s Vision to Ramon’s Legacy

jeremy — Wed, 01 Feb 2012 15:21:52 +0000

By Vicki Cobb

Here, he is a household name, a national hero in the eyes of these bright students. Nine years after his untimely death, Ilan Ramon, the first and only Israeli to travel to space, is a powerful inspiration for the hundreds of Israeli students reaching for the stars.

On my recent trip to Israel, I witnessed the dedication of the Frank Family Aerospace Center at The Zimmetbaum High School in Arad, one of the schools in the ORT network. Dr. Charlotte K. Frank, a board member of the America –Israel Friendship League and Senior Vice-President of McGraw-Hill and its generous benefactor, launched a fully equipped computer classroom, planetarium and roof observatory to encourage today’s high school students to dream big.

Highly advanced telescope at the ORT School. Part of their innovative planetarium.

Today, February 1^st, 2012 is the ninth anniversary of the shuttle Columbia’s ill-fated reentry into the Earth’s atmosphere after a fifteen-day mission at the International Space Station. All seven of its astronauts perished, including payload specialist Ilan Ramon, the first Israeli Astronaut. Ilan’s mission sadly was never completed. On that Saturday afternoon, as two nations were holding their collective breaths, the Columbia mission came to its tragic end.

Ramon has become a contemporary Jewish hero and a symbol for Israel’s prominence in science and technology. For Israelis, they see Ramon’s legacy as a continuation of its founder, David Ben-Gurion. Ben-Gurion’s vision for Israel emphasized excellence in science and technology as essential for the survival of the Jewish State. He felt that Israel’s place in the world would be defined by its achievements in science..

Today, Ben-Gurion’s vision is realized in Israel’s high-tech entrepreneurship, second only to Silicon Valley. The recently announced partnership between Cornell University and Technion-Israel Institute of Technology to create a state-of-the-art applied sciences campus on Roosevelt Island in New York City is just the latest example of foreign investment in Israel’s “Silicon Valley East.”

Ilan Ramon was a product of the Israeli education system, and a model for the nation’s values. From my recent visit to Israel I learned that when it comes to being pioneers, Israelis are not only cultivating the arid land, but also not afraid to reach for the stars. Ilan Ramon’s legacy lives on.

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YouTube Space Lab Gives Teen Brainiacs Chance of a Lifetime

jeremy — Mon, 23 Jan 2012 22:39:32 +0000

For most high school students, a winning experiment in a science fair means a blue ribbon and maybe some extra credit in biology. That’s so 20th century. Thanks to an amazing initiative launched by YouTube and Lenovo, the science fair is not only global, but out of this world. An international competition called “YouTube Space Lab” invites young adults 14-18 to submit their proposals for a science experiment to be conducted on board the International Space Station. Naturally, the submissions, complete with full scientific method, were submitted via YouTube.

www.youtube.com/watch?v=9JbRN9WHa3k

After sifting through thousands of videos, a pair of Israeli teens’ video has been chosen among the finalists! Ariel Berko and Yoav Levi currently attend Rogozin High School in Kiryat Ata. Their plan? Looking at how gravity affects reproduction in yeast. It may sound oddly specific, but there’s much to be learned here. If humanity is ever to become a space-faring race, little things like the effects of gravity on a cell’s ability to engage in sexual reproduction could have profound effects.

While the Israeli team is among the 60 finalists, to make it to the final judge’s selection, that number needs to be whittled down with public voting, so make sure to support Ariel and Yoav by heading on over to YouTube Space Lab’s site and clicking “vote” next to their video!

For the intellectually curious, you can see their full video below. And then please explain it to us, because these teenagers are way out of our league.

www.youtube.com/watch?v=VHUcmvzMmJg

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A Look at New NYC Campus to be Built by Cornell and Israel’s Technion

jeremy — Tue, 20 Dec 2011 21:44:38 +0000

(Communicated by the Prime Minister’s Media Adviser)

Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu spoke with Technion Executive Vice President and director General Dr. Avital Stein and congratulated her on the selection of the Technion, along with Cornell University, to build an applied science and engineering campus in New York City.

Prime Minister Netanyahu said, “This is an additional achievement for the Technion less than ten days after Professor Dan Shechtman won the Nobel Prize. This is additional proof of the accomplishments of local technology, and a source of pride for both higher education and the entire State of Israel.”

About the project

New York City Mayor Michael R. Bloomberg, Cornell University President David J. Skorton, and Technion-Israel Institute of Technology President Peretz Lavie on Monday, December 19, announced an historic partnership to build a two-million-square-foot applied science and engineering campus on Roosevelt Island in New York City. “Thanks to this outstanding partnership and groundbreaking proposal from Cornell and the Technion, New York City’s goal of becoming the global leader in technological innovation is now within sight,” said Mayor Bloomberg.

The campus will be organized around three interdisciplinary hubs: Connective Media, Healthier Life, and the Built Environment. Cornell will immediately offer Master and Doctoral degrees in areas such as Computer Science, Electrical and Computer Engineering, and Information Science and Engineering. In addition, after receiving the required accreditation, the campus will also offer innovative Technion-Cornell dual Master of Applied Sciences degrees.

The NYCTech Campus will host entrepreneurs-in-residence, organize business competitions, provide legal support for startups, reach out to existing companies to form research partnerships and sponsor research, and establish a pre-seed financing program to support promising research. The NYCTech Campus will also establish a $150 million revolving financing fund that will be solely devoted to start-up businesses in the City.

Cornell is widely known as a global leader in the fields of applied science, engineering, technology and research, as well as commercialization and entrepreneurship.Cornell is home to the top-rated Ivy League engineering program and is one of only a handful of institutions with top-10 programs in the key disciplines that drive today’s tech sector: Computer Science, Electrical and Computer Engineering, Materials Science and Nanotechnology, and Information Science.

Like Cornell, the Technion also has a world-class track-record in research, development and entrepreneurship. The Technion’s departments of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science are considered to be among the best in the world. The Technion boasts top ranking faculty members including Nobel laureates -the most recent, Professor Dan Shechtman – who just last week accepted the 2011 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. Professor Shechtman is also well-known for his course on entrepreneurship, now in its 26th year and boasting 10,000 graduates. The Technion has long been considered a driving force behind Israel’s emergence as one of the world’s great centers of technology.

Israel today has one of the highest concentrations of high-tech start-up companies globally. In partnership with a strong community of incubators, private investors, venture capitalists, angel groups and entrepreneurs, the Technion’s tech transfer arm, Technion Technology Transfer (T3), has filed an average of 300 new patents each year and annually nurtures innovative startups in sectors such as clean-tech, cell therapy, drug delivery, nanotechnology and others. Companies including Intel, Google, Microsoft, IBM, Qualcomm, Broadcom, Yahoo! and Hewlett-Packard have established major operations near or on the Technion campus, where they can take advantage of the world-class research and students and faculty members of the Technion.

The Technion graduates currently head nearly half of the 121 Israeli companies on the NASDAQ, which have a combined market value of over $28 billion. More than 70 percent of the Technion graduates are employed in the high technology sectors that drive Israel’s economic growth. Presently, Israeli companies headed by the Technion graduates employ 85 percent of Israel’s technical workforce. According to a recent article in the Israeli newspaper Haaretz, there are approximately 4,000 start-up companies located around the Technion’s home campus.

With the selection of Cornell/Technion now complete, the project is scheduled to move into the environmental and land use review process, expected to be completed by the fall of 2013. Groundbreaking on the first phase of the Roosevelt Island campus is expected by the beginning of 2015. A temporary off-site campus will be open in 2012.

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From Disbelief and Ridicule to Winning the Nobel Prize in Chemistry

jeremy — Wed, 05 Oct 2011 16:43:23 +0000

Atomic model of an Ag-Al (Silver-Aluminum) quasicrystal

It was a German philosopher who famously said, “All truth passes through three stages. First, it is ridiculed. Second, it is violently opposed. Third, it is accepted as being self-evident.” Time and time again, great scientific minds see this process in action, as Israeli scientist Daniel Schectman lived it first hand over the last three decades. In April 1982, Professor Schectman made a dramatic discovery, one which has now rewritten chemistry textbooks and finally earned him the Nobel Prize in Chemistry.

But his road to acceptance, let alone recognition, was not easy. In 1982, Schectman looked under his electron microscope and saw that the crystal he had formed stood in direct violation with the accepted laws of nature. Until recently, it was believed that every crystal contains a unique pattern of the arrangement of atoms, a pattern that repeats itself perfectly and consistently. Almost any solid material, from ice to gold, is made up of ordered crystals. What the Israeli professor found that spring day is a pattern that was once thought impossible, proving that atoms could be packed into a pattern which did not repeat itself. The crystals were named by subsequent researchers as “quasicrystals,” but that didn’t stop Professor Schectman from being ridiculed as a “qausi-scientist.” One of his coworkers even presented him with a basic-level textbook on crystallography, suggesting he read it.

“His discovery was extremely controversial. In the course of defending his findings, he was asked to leave his research group,” said the Nobel Committee for Chemistry at the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, which announced the award earlier Wednesday morning.

“However, his battle eventually forced scientists to reconsider their conception of the very nature of matter,” it added in a statement. “Scientists are currently experimenting with using quasicrystals in different products such as frying pans and diesel engines.”

In a poetic note, understanding the Israeli scientist’s research was aided by analysis of Islamic architecture, specifically the arabesque style. The beautiful mosaics which dominated the Middle Ages across the Near-East are of the same mathematically regular but infinitely varied patterns as the quasicrystal.

From the Alhambra in Granada, Spain. An example of aperiodic mosaics.

Ten years after Professor Schectman’s findings, the International Union of Crystallography changed their definition of what a crystal actually is, removing the idea that the atoms must be packed in a “regularly ordered, repeating three-dimensional pattern.”

Today, quasicrystals are not only accepted as truth, but are seen as miracle compounds, having been used in, among others, ultra-strong thin needles used for delicate eye surgery.

“The main lesson that I have learned over time is that a good scientist is a humble and listening scientist and not one that is sure 100 percent in what he read in the textbooks,” said Shechtman at a news conference Wednesday at the Technion-Israel Institute of Technology in Haifa, Israel.

In addition to the Technion, Schectman is also a a professor at Iowa State University in Ames, Iwoa.

The Nobel Prize, perhaps the most prestigious award anyone could ever receive, has now been awarded 10 times to Israelis, a source of tremendous pride for such a small nation. The prize (10 million kronor, or $1.5 million USD)

Said Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, “I would like to congratulate you, on behalf of the citizens of Israel, for your award, which expresses the intellect of our people. Every Israeli is happy today and every Jew in the world is proud. I also congratulated your institution, the Technion, on the centenary of its founding.”

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2,000 Years Later, Dead Sea Scrolls Can be Google’d

jeremy — Tue, 27 Sep 2011 16:38:31 +0000

Last year, we reported that Google was partnering up with the Israel Antiquities Authority to make a digital collection of the famous Dead Sea Scrolls. Today, that historic partnership has culminated in the launch of the Digital Dead Sea Scrolls. In addition to being the oldest known copy of the Hebrew Bible, the scrolls, which date back to the Second Temple Period, give us an amazing insight of what life was like in ancient Israel.

Five complete scrolls have been put online so far, all with interactive high-resolution images, as well as short explanatory videos and background information on the texts and their history.

“The Dead Sea Scrolls Project with the Israel Museum enriches and preserves an important part of world heritage by making it accessible to all on the internet,” said Professor Yossi Matias, Managing Director of Google’s R&D Center in Israel. “Having been involved in similar projects in the past, including the Google Art Project, Yad Vashem Holocaust Collection, and the Prado Museum in Madrid, we have seen how people around the world can enhance their knowledge and understanding of key historical events by accessing documents and collections online. We hope one day to make all existing knowledge in historical archives and collections available to all, including putting additional Dead Sea Scroll documents online.”

When you have something as priceless as the Dead Sea scrolls, you can’t just throw it on a scanner. Instead, digital photograpyArdon Bar-Ham allows us to see details which are invisible to the naked eye. The process, using an ultra-high resolution camera, produces images about two hundred times higher in resolution than those produced by standard cameras. Each snapshot used state-of-the-art UV-protected flash tubes and an exposure time of 1/4000th of a second to minimize any damage.

But enough talking, head on over to the home of the Digital Dead Sea Scrolls and explore this amazing find yourself!

www.youtube.com/watch?v=5rYj_0foJYA

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Atom Smash! Israel Becomes Associate Member of CERN

jeremy — Mon, 19 Sep 2011 17:33:32 +0000

On Friday, September 16, Israel signed an agreement in Geneva with CERN, the European Organization for Nuclear Research, becoming an associate member of the organization, in preparation for its acceptance as a full member. Ambassador Aharon Leshno-Yaar, Permanent Representative of Israel to the United Nations Office and other International Organizations in Geneva, signed the agreement on behalf of the government of Israel.

The signing of the agreement with CERN is the climax of a long and challenging process by various Israel government ministries and must be ratified by the Knesset to take effect.

“It is a vital part of our mission to build bridges between nations. This agreement enriches us scientifically, and is an important step in that direction,” said CERN Director General Rolf Heuer. “I am very pleased that CERN’s relationship with Israel is moving to a higher level.”

“I am very happy with this decision,” said Eliezer Rabinovici, Professor and Director of the Institute for Advanced Study at the Hebrew University in Jerusalem and Israel’s scientific observer to Council. “I view it as recognition of the Israeli contributions, both scientific and technological to CERN over the years. The Israeli scientific community is looking forward to the continuation of this joint adventure.”

Said Ambassador Leshno-Yaar, “The agreement is testimony to Europe’s recognition of Israel’s scientific and technological capabilities, of the quality of its scientists, and of its contribution throughout many years to the research activities of CERN.”

For the past two decades of Israel’s involvement with CERN, prior to its membership, Israel worked to send mixed Israeli-Palestinian contingents to CERN’s summer student program.

The European Organization for Nuclear Research (the acronym CERN derives from its French name), is located under Geneva, Switzerland and is best known for its Large Hadron Collider. The LHC is unquestionably mankind’s most ambitious scientific experiment, aiming to recreate the very milliseconds after the big bang to answer some of the universe’s most perplexing questions. Twenty-seven kilometers in circumference, all 100 meters below ground, the LHC’s team consists of thousands of scientists from over 100 countries. CERN itself currently has 20 member states, and Israel is on its way to being number 21.

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Tel Aviv Named One of “Europe’s Hottest Startup Capitals” by Wired

jeremy — Tue, 16 Aug 2011 21:27:36 +0000

In the upcoming September 2011, Wired presents their first annual look at the continent’s rising stars. Talking about Israel’s “Silicon Wadi,” Wired writes that “the strip has produced so many widely adopted high-tech products — from ICQ instant messaging, through wireless-internet technologies to USB memory sticks — it is often seen as the closest international rival to California’s iconic Silicon Valley.”

Israel is a juggernaut of R&D, 4.5% of its economic output is immediately reinvested, making Israel number one in the world for R&D as a percentage of GDP. And the Holy Land is home to R&D departments of some of the world’s most important tech companies, including Google, Microsoft, Oracle and Intel.

A look at Sderot Rothschild, or Rothschild Boulevard, the epicenter of Tel Aviv's tech movement

In the past few years, authors like Dan Senor have chronicled the importance of “chutzpah” in making Israel a tech startup juggernaut with books like Start Up Nation. The article in Wired magazine highlights not only Israel as a whole, but a small strip in Tel Aviv itself called Rothschild Boulevard. Speaking of the tech mecca within the tech mecca, the authors write, “stretching from Neve Tzedek in the south roughly to midtown, Rothschild is an elegant, treelined avenue popular with pedestrians, cyclists and rollerbladers enjoying the city’s almost unending sunshine. On the pedestrian walkway that runs down its centre, a strip of hip, outdoor cafés is home to creative types on their laptops, thanks in no little part to the city’s free, widespread Wi-Fi network.”

To read more about Tel Aviv’s hopping scene, or to see who else made Europe’s Top 10, click here.

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Hundreds from Around the Globe Gather for Wikimania 2011

jason — Tue, 09 Aug 2011 15:12:17 +0000

Every year, a different local Wikipedia team organizes a conference to allow the community and general public to learn more about free knowledge initiatives. The conference has taken place in world class cities like Frankfurt, Boston, and Buenos Aires. This year’s conference just finished up in Haifa, Israel (August 4-7, 2011). Haifa beat out Tokyo, Montreal, New York, and other cities to win the bid to host the conference.

The 2011 Wikimania conference marked a decade since the establishment of Wikipedia with hundreds of representatives from 48 countries including Wikipedia founder Jimmy Wales. The conference offered 125 lectures were attended by Wikimedia users, researchers, educators, journalists, open source software supporters, and more.

The University of Haifa’s Sagy Center for Internet Research was a sponsor of the conference and the University played a major role in contributing to Israel receiving the honor of hosting the prestigious event.

For more information on Wikimania 2011, please see the event’s homepage.

Photo courtesy of Zvi Roger (Haifa Municipality – The Spokesperson, Publicity and Advertising Division), on the Wikimania homepage, used under Creative Commons License. The photo shows the gardens and Shrine of the Báb, including the bridge above the Haziyonut Avenue.

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A “Morning After Pill” For Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

jeremy — Tue, 02 Aug 2011 19:16:00 +0000

Post-traumatic stress disorder, or PTSD, is rare among anxiety disorders in that its origins can be pinpointed not only based on genetic predisposition but to a specific moment in time. This severe anxiety disorder occurs following exposure to an event of significant psychological trauma. That event could be anything from a car crash to witnessing a terrorist attack. The disease is more common than you might think, with an estimated 7.8 percent of Americans experiencing PTSD at some point in their lives, according to the Nebraska Department of Veterans Affairs. Women are about twice as likely as men to suffer from PTSD, but one group, men and women, who have an extremely high disposition to developing post-traumatic stress disorder are military veterans. A shocking 30 percent of men and women who have served in war zones are believed to have suffered from PTSD.

While most are not diagnosed with PTSD until at least a month after the initial event (symptoms include flashbacks or nightmares, and avoidance of stimuli linked to trauma), Israeli researchers believe that it may be possible to prevent the onset of PTSD with a “morning after pill.”

In a study involving individuals who had been involved in traffic accidents, Israeli researchers found that administering a hormone soon after the event reduced the risk of developing PTSD by 80 percent. The project was led by Professor Joseph Zohar, head of the psychiatry department at Sheba Medical Center, and Tel Hashomer, chairman of the Israeli Consortium on PTSD.

“Most psychiatric conditions, such as depression or even schizophrenia, develop gradually and not at a specific point in time, but PTSD appears in response to a specific traumatic event,” explained Zohar.

“The treatment of post-trauma in the past several years is rich in myth and thin on facts, especially when it comes to first-aid after exposure to trauma,” he added.

Conservative approaches to treating victims of psychological trauma usually include administering tranquilizers, like Valium. The goal of this is to relax the victim. However, recent research has shown that this might be doing more harm than good. By delaying the release of cortisol in the body, tranquilizers might be reducing the body’s ability to fight the onset of PTSD. American medial organizations have since discouraged this line of treatment.

In a study carried out by the anxiety and stress research unit of Be’er Sheva’s Ben-Gurion University of the Negevpublished in 2008, mice which experienced elevated stress levels by being exposed to cat urine were treated successfully with the administration of cortisol.

The human trial which this inspired involved 24 participants who had shown high stress levels after being admitted to hospitals following car accidents. Half were given a 100 milligram injection of cortisol, and subsequently, only one showed signs of PTSD, and after three months, none showed signs. The control group, which were administered a placebo, had three cases of PTSD.

Time is key, with cortisol treatments believed to only be effective during the first 6 hours after exposure to psychological trauma. If further research confirms the cortisol hypothesis, this could have a tremendous impact on millions, whether they be victims of rape or assault, or suffered any other psychological trauma.

“The work raises the possibility in the future of developing a rapid treatment that could be given to people, such as combat soldiers, who have been exposed to traumatic events. There is a need for an agent that could be administered in the field and that does not impair motor responses or performance and that does not have a soporific effect – and cortisone meets these requirements,” Zohar said.

The results of the trial will be published in the December issue of the European journal Neuropsychopharmacology.

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Key to Overcoming Addiction? New Research Borrows From Science Fiction

jeremy — Tue, 12 Jul 2011 20:30:16 +0000

They say a mind is a terrible thing to waste. After all, the brain is by far the most incredible part of the human body, perhaps the last great frontier of natural science. If the mind controls the body, how can we control the mind? Science fiction has inserted a myriad of crazy ideas like Jedi mind tricks or ESP, but one of them is a lot closer off than you might think. In a study on drug addiction at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, researchers were able to completely remove the “memory” of being addicted by inserting a compound in the part of the brain that deals with reward and pleasure. Addiction, of course, is more than physical chemistry, which makes this experiment truly noteworthy in that it addresses the core psychological desire.

The experiment, which used rodents and cocaine, could have monumental impact on a variety of diseases or addiction, from alcoholism to gambling.

So how does it actually work? According to head of research at Hebrew University Dr. Rami Yaka, the injections inhibit the growth of proteins which fuel cravings. And since cravings increase, not decrease as time goes on, this research could one day help millions kick the habit for good. Cravings for drugs can be a variety of stimuli, and this research essentially cuts the link between the two. For example, if someone who suffered from a binge eating disorder used to get severe cravings from the smell of fresh baked cookies, the compound would remove that link in her brain.

“This concept could save lives,” said Dr. Rami Yaka, noting that 90 per cent of recovered drug addicts relapse within a year.

To read more, click here.

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